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Bombay HC on Maintainability of Writ Petition Challenging Arbitration

Judgment dated 21.8.2026 of the High Court of Bombay in Writ Petition No.694 of 2025 of ITC Limited  Vs.  Metropolitan Stock Exchange, Ashok Mootha, Jupitice Justice Technology Private Limited and SEBI

SEBI Master Circular dated 31.7.2023 for Online Dispute Resolution.

The respondent no. Metropolitan Stock Exchange through respondent no.3 ODR Institution called upon the petitioner to participate in arbitration through its ODR portal, to comply with the requirements and payment of arbitration fees.

The principal question which arises for consideration is whether the initiation and continuation of arbitral proceedings against the Petitioner through the ODR mechanism, pursuant to the complaint lodged by Respondent No. 2 and its allocation to MSE, disclose such a patent lack of jurisdiction or authority,

The Master Circular establishes a structured mechanism for resolution of disputes arising between investors or clients and listed companies and specified intermediaries or regulated entities in the securities market. The mechanism contemplates escalation of an unresolved grievance and thereafter its reference to the ODR Portal for online dispute resolution. The scheme is therefore not merely an optional administrative facility but a regulatory dispute-resolution mechanism established by SEBI for specified disputes arising in the securities market.

The next relevant provision of the Master Circular is paragraph 16, which deals with allocation of disputes to ODR Institutions. It provides for a market-wide round-robin allocation system, subject to the specific stipulation that, during the relevant period, complaints or disputes arising with a specific trading member in relation to an exchange transaction or with a listed company are to be referred to the ODR Institution(s) empaneled by the relevant Stock Exchange. The footnote to paragraph 16 further addresses the situation where an intermediary is linked to more than one Stock Exchange or where a company is listed on more than one Stock Exchange. The allocation provision is therefore required to be read as a whole. The round-robin mechanism cannot be considered in isolation from the express qualification contained in paragraph 16(a).

Challenges of limitation, power, jurisdiction, maintainability, repeated complaints, abuse of process, etc; are ordinarily to be decided by the arbitral forum and not by the High Court in its writ jurisdiction merely because a party asserts that the claim is frivolous or time barred.

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